Архив

Economic vector 2024 1(36)

Download issue

FORECASTING THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF AI APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION: ANALYSIS AND RELEVANCE
Author(s): D.N.Shishkina

Based on the statement about the forecast of the economic effect from the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in construction and the indicators of past years, an analysis of the hypothesis was carried out, and the feasibility of long-term planning in the process of investing in innovative projects was substantiated. The construction industry is one of the fundamental ones and therefore all new technologies and developments must be analyzed for the long term before being introduced into production. The conducted study of the hypothesis about the economic effect of introducing AI in construction proved the relevance of forecasting and the need to analyze such forecasts using various methods. Some ways to solve potential problems that are likely during the implementation of large projects are proposed, and a vector for further research in the field of partnership between companies in the construction industry is formed.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, innovation, information technology, machine learning, construction, investment project, economic effect.

INTERSECTORAL BALANCES – THE PARADIGM OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Author(s): B.P.Ivchenko, V.A. Chernenko, A.A. Voronov

The article discusses methodological issues of the revival of intersectoral balances, substantiates the problems of financial regulation, and proposes an algorithm for regulating the national economy. Based on the study of models of intersectoral balances, the author's model is proposed.

Keywords: model, industry, end-to-end financing, economic system, productive capital, technological innovations, industry interaction, digital platform.

IS MICROLOAN A PATH TO DEVELOPMENT OR BANKRUPTCY?
Author(s): M.M. Kurtasova, M.N.Konyagina

Microfinance is one of the discussed topics in modern financial intermediation. After the introduction of regulation of this activity by the Bank of Russia, the microfinance market acquired the characteristics of an orderly system, and the vector of heated discussions from issues of infringement of the rights of borrowers, mis selling and fraud changed direction towards more scientific and constructive topics: relevance of rates, influence on the development of industries and areas of activity, competition in financial intermediation, etc. The presented article is devoted to the study of the role of microfinance for small and medium-sized businesses as a promising area that works to increase the accessibility of financial services. The work examines the volumes of the domestic microfinance market, identifies the trend of their changes, and presents an approach that helps an entrepreneur, before turning to a financial intermediary, determine which source of financing he should turn to so as not to lead the business to insolvency. The publication will be of interest to both specialists in the field of financial literacy and entrepreneurs who are faced with choosing sources of financing their activities.

Keywords: bankruptcy, insolvency, loan, credit, microfinance, microfinance organizations, commercial banks, financial intermediation.

ECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL HOSPITALITY SYSTEMS USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE BAIKAL REGION
Author(s): M.A. Liubarskaia, I.B.Roganovich

The authors turn to the consideration of problematic issues in the development of regional hospitality systems using the example of the Baikal region, as a territory that is of strategic importance not only for neighboring regions, but also for Russia as a whole. At the moment, the extremely pressing issue of preserving natural resources and simultaneous development of infrastructure in the Baikal region is being actively discussed in periodicals. The purpose of this article is to analyze potential integrated solutions to improve the environmental and social efficiency of the implemented infrastructure while maintaining the economic feasibility of developing regional hospitality systems.

Keywords: hospitality system, region, Baikal region, environmental effect, infrastructure, territory development, eco-hotel.

CUSTOMER LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF CAR DEALERS USING INNOVATIVE IT PLATFORMS
Author(s): E.D.Pasechnic

The system of standards used in dealerships for the sale and maintenance of cars is considered. The procedures of the company's interaction with customers at the stage of sale and after-sales service are investigated. Recommendations on the implementation of the process approach in the quality management system of the enterprise, taking into account modern conditions, are given. The possibility of import substitution of software products for customer service support is considered. It is shown that the introduction of a process approach in the management of car sales and after-sales service allows you to automate the process of interaction between the manager and the client, reduce the number of errors in the work and, as a result, improve the quality of customer service.

Keywords: quality standards, process approach, digital transformation, business process, customer lifecycle.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AUDIT, COMPLIANCE AND FORESIGHT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Author(s): M.A.Laboskin, V.V.Nikolaev

The article presents a comparative analysis of audit, compliance and foresight as the most important tools of internal control ensuring economic security. The paper presents a comparison of the use of these tools on various grounds and, based on the analysis, presents conclusions.

Keywords: audit, compliance, preventive, management, internal control, economic security

IMPROVING THE PERSONNEL SELECTION PROCESS AT A WOODWORKING ENTERPRISE
Author(s): V.S.Konopleva, A.V.Gerasimova, I.A. Konopleva

The article presents the results of a study of the personnel selection process at a woodworking enterprise. The authors analyzed the personnel selection activities, identified problems and developed recommendations for improving the personnel selection process.

Keywords: personnel selection, woodworking industry enterprise, stages of personnel selection and recruitment, personal specification, personnel.

INNOVATION AS A FACTOR DETERMINING THE MARKET VALUE OF PUBLIC COMPANIES
Author(s): D.M.Kasatkin

The article examines the impact of innovations carried out by companies on the price of their shares. Both large and small developing companies represented on the stock market. The impact of innovation activity on their development will vary depending on the commercial potential of new developments and the feasibility of their introduction into circulation. The value is also affected by the capitalization of the company, the volume of the stock market on which it is represented and the risks for the company in the event of failure to develop an innovation. The price of shares of small companies with no revenue reacts significantly more to both positive and negative news regarding the success of innovative activities. While large companies, through the diversification of innovative projects, achieve price stability and the impact of innovation on their cost is significant only in some cases.

Keywords: innovation, innovative project, investment, stock market, company value, stocks.

TRENDS IN THE USE OF OT TECHNOLOGIES AT CHEMICAL INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Author(s): V.A.Drabenko, D.V. Drabenko, A.A. Smirnova

This article discusses the main trends in the digitalization of the chemical industry and examples of their implementation at enterprises in Russia. Some economic indicators obtained during the use of new software and hardware complexes are also given. The steps of successful implementation of innovative solutions, key directions of digital transformation of the industry are highlighted. The topic of creating an industrial competence center "Chemistry" was touched upon. The results of the successful implementation of innovative products can be called quantitative and qualitative indicators: reduction of injuries to people, reduction of harm to health and the environment, reduction of the cost of the product, reduction of defects, increased productivity, etc.

Keywords: modernization of production, innovative solutions, digitalization trends, chemical industry.

THE INTEGRATION OF EDUCATION AND PRODUCTION THROUGH THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL CLUSTERS IS THE ENGINE OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY
Author(s): A.E.Vikulenko, Yu.I. Mikhailov, A.M.Kolesnikov

The main role in the creation and development of lateral clusters should belong to the formation and development of unions of universities and industrial organizations for the development and creation of new and improvement of existing products. The lateral cluster of higher education is an integration mechanism that ensures the intensive development and social partnership of its constituent organizations and universities, as well as the competitiveness of the country as a whole, the development of industries and the strengthening of ties between organizations and the state. The priority vector for further improvement of cluster policy is the development and formalization of strategies for the development of lateral clusters and their effectiveness. A methodology for determining the effective sustainable innovative development of the cluster economy and the country is proposed.

Keywords: development of innovation activity of lateral clusters; methodology for determining the effective innovation activity of the lateral cluster, the creation of an innovative state.

INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AT THE PRESENT STAGE: THE REGIONAL ASPECT
Author(s): M.A.Barinov

The article presents scientific approaches to the definition of key characteristics that influence regional development, which are based on the innovative component. A system of criteria has been developed and the grouping of regional systems of a particular federal district into five groups has been carried out, depending on the level of innovation activity. The analysis was carried out on the materials of the Volga Federal District. The purpose of the study is to diagnose the impact of innovation activity at the regional level on the volume of gross regional product. The diagnostics of socio-economic systems with the selection of key parameters influencing the development of mesoterritoriums with the formation of a working regression model, which allows us to predict the variability of the gross regional product with the construction of a scattering diagram. The obtained models can be used by regional authorities in the process of strategic planning.

Keywords: development, gross regional product, innovative development, region.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE MEDICAL SERVICES SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Author(s): D.V.Khodos, R.D. Mushenko

The Russian public MD&D market dynamics is described based on state tender analytics for a period of 2019–2023. The negative trend in both value and units is revealed. Local MD&D players accelerated growth is stipulated leverage on J.Gans and H.Stern strategic tool while considering current geopolitical, economic reality, Russian healthcare system challenges and the its prioritized pillars outlined in Government Decree No. 2161 of 11/29/2022.

Keywords: medical equipment, entrepreneurship compass, healthcare solutions, healthcare, innovations, medical services.

RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEM OF ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE IN ECOLOGICAL TOURISM
Author(s): A.V.Kuchumov, M.A.Safronov, I.V.Bogrov, P.Yu. Eremicheva

This article describes the problem of anthropogenic influence in the context of analyzing the specifics of ecotourism. The study involves examining some areas of tourist activity in ecotourism, as well as determining possible categories of intensity of contact between humans and the environment. Within the framework of the work, the features of the types of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem of the territory were studied and the points of contact with the changing situation in the conditions of the tourist complex were determined. The authors analyzed the theoretical features of anthropogenic influence on the example of a specific destination through the prism of further development of ecological types of tourism. The article analyzes the experience and emphasizes the importance of a certain category of factors of anthropogenic influence.

Keywords: ecology, eco-tourism, niche tourism, tourism, economics, anthropogenic influence, risks, service sector.

THE ROLE OF CLIENT PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SERVICE SECTOR AND THE DEFINITION OF THE MAIN TYPES OF CONSUMERS IN THE NICHE TOURISM SECTOR
Author(s): Yu.V.Dolmatenya, A.V.Kuchumov, P.Yu.Eremicheva

This article describes the importance of client psychology and its specifics in tourism, notes the role of the sales funnel as a universal algorithm, highlights the relationship of influence factors and consumer motivation. The study involves the analysis of the influence of specific factors within the boundaries of a certain destination, which form the narrowly focused requests of consumers of tourist services. The paper highlights the categories of niche areas and pre-positive intersections with personal characteristics. The study identified the main segments of consumers of tourist services in the niche sector and their individual characteristics in correlation with personality types.

Keywords: niche tourism, psychology, client psychology, tourism, personality type, service sector, influence factors, tourist complex.

ROLE OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN SOLVING OF REGIONAL PROBLEMS
Author(s): E.N.Sokolova, D.V. Butko

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors on the essence of special economic zones, their classification and stages of development. The authors emphasize the presence of many definitions that are not always consistent with each other and the underdevelopment of the theoretical concept of special economic zones. The approach proposed by the authors to determining the influence of special economic zones on solving regional problems is of scientific and practical interest. Among the resulting benefits of creating special economic zones, which are aimed at the sustainable development of territories, the authors highlight increased competitiveness in the export market, achievement of economic diversity through the introduction of new activities and sectors, and increased foreign exchange earnings.

Keywords: special economic zone, region, free customs zone, free trade zone.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD
Author(s): M.A.Liubarskaia, A.A.Zaprudnov

The problems of creating effective water supply systems that provide round-the-clock, fully remunerated and metered water supply are relevant for various regions of the world, but primarily for developing countries. At the same time, against the backdrop of geopolitical instability, in recent years the possibilities for financing water supply projects through international programs, grants and soft loans have decreased. The authors consider public-private partnerships as one of the promising areas for solving these problems. The results of the analysis of the effects and risks of implementing such projects for private and public partners presented in the article are of scientific and practical interest.

Keywords: water supply system, region, public-private partnership, investment.

THE PROBLEMS OF MODERN LABOUR MARKET IN RUSSIA
Author(s): A.V.Lebedeva, E.N.Novikova

The labour market in Russia and economy as a whole experience serious structural changes recent years. Limited operation of economy in existing circumstances leads to the batch of serious changes in the sphere of labour, employment and labour productivity. Staff shortage, lowest ever unemployment rate are important reasons for labour productivity decrease, that generally reduces the labour efficiency and business activity in the country. The problems and trends of labour market in the scope of modern economical changes, its influence on the labour productivity will be examined and the methodology of labour productivity rating will be presented in the article.

Keywords: labour market, productivity, employment, unemployment, staff shortage, labour productivity.

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN LABOR MIGRATION TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FROM THE CIS COUNTRIES FOR THE PERIOD FROM 2020 TO 2023
Author(s): V.A.Drabenko, D.V.Drabenko, R.O.Velichko

This article reflects statistical data on the change in the volume of external labor migration of the Russian Federation due to the arrival of labor migrants from the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (hereinafter - the CIS) in the period from the beginning of 2020 to the 1st half of 2023. Based on the data, the general trends of the identified changes are analyzed, the main factors influencing the process of labor migration are highlighted.

Keywords: labor migration, international labor migration, migration statistics, migration from the CIS countries.

ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORECAST OF THE LOGISTICS SERVICES MARKET IN RUSSIA
Author(s): V.V.Nikolaev

The article examines the main trends in the logistics services market in Russia, identifies new directions of transport corridors, taking into account the policies of unfriendly countries and the imposition of sanctions. Based on the analytical data, a diagram is constructed showing the dynamics of the volume of the logistics services market and a forecast for its development is made.

Keywords: logistics, market, services, analysis, forecast.

ON THE ISSUE OF CUSTOMS AUDIT AND CUSTOMS MONITORING AS A MANIFESTATION OF NEW APPROACHES TO CUSTOMS CONTROL AFTER THE RELEASE OF GOODS
Author(s): M.A.Laboskin

The article presents an analysis of customs audit and customs monitoring as auxiliary tools of customs control, independently carried out by participants in foreign economic activity in order to independently identify and eliminate violations of the customs law of the Eurasian Economic Union and the legislation of the Russian Federation on customs regulation. The paper presents a comparison of the use of these tools and presents conclusions based on the analysis.

Keywords: customs monitoring, audit, customs audit, control after the release of goods, customs control.

COMPETITIVENESS OF AN ENTERPRISE AS A TOOL TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS FUNCTIONING
Author(s): V.S.Konopleva, A.V.Gerasimova, I.A.Konopleva

The article considers applied research on the analysis of the competitiveness of a particular enterprise in the field of manufacture and sale of sanitary equipment in modern crisis conditions. The authors analyzed the company's activities, on the basis of SWOT and PEST analyses, identified the strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise, identified its main competitors, pointed out the possibility of import substitution of products, identified the problems faced by enterprises in modern conditions. All this made it possible to develop recommendations for improving the competitiveness of the company and recommend them to the management of the enterprise.

Keywords: competitiveness, import substitution, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, Online store, linear-functional management structure, SMM (promotion of the company and its brand), DIY ("Do it yourself").

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT ENTERPRISES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Author(s): A.L.Zelezinskii, O.V.Arhipova

The article is devoted to the consideration of the development and implementation of a quality management system at enterprises in the hospitality industry, the identification of key elements of quality management and criteria for guest satisfaction with the quality of service. It is emphasized that the main goal of the quality management system at a hospitality industry enterprise is to increase competitiveness by improving the quality of service provision. The authors proposed an implementation algorithm, a conceptual model of the quality management system, and substantiated measures to improve it.

Keywords: hospitality industry, quality management, customer focus, hotel management, customer loyalty.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION AND PROFITABILITY IN THE FOOD SECTOR
Author(s): L.I.Sergeev, D.L. Sergeev

The aim of the study is to develop theoretical provisions of the dependence of the general integrated state of health of the population on the total aggregate profit indicator of the food business. The subject of the study is the mechanism of the relationship between the state of health and profitability of the food business. A number of literary sources devoted to the generalization of the state of health and economic development of the country are considered. The theoretical dependence of the integral indicator of health status on the total cumulative rate of total profit of the agro-industrial complex, the food industry and food retail is proved. The variants of changing the state of health with different parameters of its parabolic dependence on the total profitability of the food business are considered. A conditional numerical example of the dependence of the state of health in the form of a cubic parabola on the change in the total cumulative rate of profit of the food business is presented and analyzed. It is concluded that the main task of establishing and achieving health indicators (the general goal) is not only market, but also state provision with appropriate parameters of the overall total profitability of the food food business. It is proved that the growth of profitability (profitability) of food sales affects the change in the health status of the population in terms of eating disorders and metabolic disorders.

Keywords: health status, profitability of the food business, cubic parabola, health dependence, food products.

THE PROBLEM OF IMAGE AND REPUTATION IN MODERN RUSSIAN BUSINESS
Author(s): A.L. Zelezinskii, O.V. Arhipova, E.V.Zhemchugova

In the conditions of severe sanctions and the consequences of the pandemic, Russian entrepreneurs are looking for ways to maintain positions in the domestic and global market. One of the main ways to fight competition are image and reputation, closely related concepts. However, not all organizations see the difference between them and understand how to use them correctly, which is why they do not exist for long. The article examines the difference between image and reputation, as well as analyzes the dependence of business life expectancy on the level of reputation.

Keywords: image, reputation, modern Russian business.

FISCAL POLICY OF RUSSIA'S DEVELOPMENT
Author(s): A.E.Vikulenko, L.S.Glukharev,Yu.I.Mikhailov

With the sanctions restricting Russia's foreign economic activity, high inflation remains, provoked by indirect taxes, which reflect the insufficient efficiency of material production in the system of distribution relations. Direct taxes have a significant impact on the pricing strategy of a business. The fiscal policy of the state does not adjust the economy to high efficiency and social justice. The profit is mainly obtained by infringing on the interests of buyers. Artificial restriction of the physical volume of sales negatively affects employment. The tax system brings the fiscal function of taxes to the fore. It is necessary to create incentives to increase the return on funds, reduce the capital intensity of production. The state should provide financial support, first of all, to those industries and companies that are ready to expand production with lower prices and increased profitability.

Keywords: inflation in Russia; profit, infringement of the interests of buyers, fiscal policy of the state; tax incentives for the growth of physical sales volume at stable and declining prices.

FISCAL POLICY AND EFFICIENCY OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Author(s): A.E.Vikulenko, L.S.Glukharev

In Russia, demand inflation persists with an excess cash overhang, which is credited to deposit accounts in banks. The fiscal policy of the country does not adjust the economy to high efficiency and social justice. Distributive relations are needed. Direct taxes affect the pricing strategy of a business, while indirect taxes provoke inflation. The fundamental disadvantage of the immature market as a spontaneous regulator aimed at maximizing unit profit and profitability, and not at maximizing the physical volume of sales, and capacity utilization is confirmed. The tax system brings to the fore the fiscal function of taxes, and does not perform a stimulating one. It should be taxed to stimulate the creation of business conditions characteristic of a competitive market.

Keywords: inflation of demand, efficiency of material production, system of distributive relations, fiscal policy of the country, social justice, stimulation of economic conditions inherent in a competitive market.

.