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Economic vector 2021 4(27)

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ECOSYSTEMS ARE THE DEFINING VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Author(s): V.A.Chernenko, A.A.Voronov

The article discusses the system elements, types of ecosystems, conditions for the development and regulation of Russian ecosystems.

Keywords: ecosystem, innovation, system elements, digitalization, business models, ecosystem regulation.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF A PANDEMIC
Author(s): N.V. Rozumnaya

Scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "financial market" and its significance in the redistribution of capital are considered. The analysis of the state of the Russian financial market in the context of the pandemic and the global economic crisis is carried out, the main segments and features of their interaction are considered. The assessment of the credit and currency markets, the securities market and the gold market as the main indicators of the state of the country's economic system is given.

The dynamics of changes in the key interest rate is shown, its impact on changes in all segments of the financial market in the context of a pandemic is shown.

Keywords: financial market, pandemic, segment, key interest rate, securities, exchange rate, quotes, stock index.

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE OF USING ENDOWMENT FUNDS AS LEVERS OF SUSTAINABLE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITIES
Author(s): J.D. Murmyilo
This article analyzes the problems of additional financing of the university and the possibility of considering them as a subject of social responsibility for Russian society. The possibility of improving the quality of education in higher education through the use of endowment assets is substantiated. The definition of endowment assets and funds is given. The level of development of this mechanism by the leading Russian universities is determined. The author analyzes the statistics of successful foreign use of such a tool as endowment funds. This article attempts to establish the relationship between the number of participants in endowment funds and the amount of funds raised. Also, the tasks necessary to develop an algorithm of actions that allow Russian higher education to use endowment assets have been formulated.

Keywords: endowment assets, endowment funds, corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, stakeholders.

ISSUES OF EFFECTIVE USE OF LANDFILLS’ LAND RESOURCES AT THE FINAL STAGE OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE
Author(s): M.A. Liubarskaia, V.S. Merkusheva, N.M. Luzin

The article is focused on the justification of the practicability of involvement of the resources from solid waste landfills in the economic circulation. A large number of landfills located on the territory of Russia have practically exhausted their resources as waste disposal facilities; however, they can be used to obtain secondary energy resources even at the final stage of their life cycle. The optimization model presented by the authors makes it possible to develop an action plan for the phased creation of a biogas collection system based on the zoning of land plots and calculating the return on capital from their use. As an example, the landfill of solid waste "Severnaya Samarka" in the Leningrad region is considered.

Keywords: municipal waste, waste management facility, landfill, land plot, biogas collection system, life cycle stage.

THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE "YUG-AUTO LLC" ENTERPRISE: CONCEPT, ASSESSMENT, OPPORTUNITIES FOR BUILDING UP
Author(s): L.A. Ovchinnikova, E.V. Shchedrina

The article is devoted to the study of the essence of innovation potential and its role in the development of the enterprise. In the course of the work, an assessment of the innovative potential of "YUG-Auto" was carried out according to the financial statements of the organization using a three-dimensional (three-component) indicator. Based on the results of the study, the level of the innovative potential of the organization was determined, the company's development strategy was selected and measures were proposed to increase the innovative potential and further development of the enterprise.

Keywords: innovation potential, assessment of innovation potential, building innovation potential, innovation project, CRM-system.

RESEARCH OF ENERGY TRANSITION 4.0 FROM THE POSITION OF ECONOMIC SYNERGY
Author(s): M.A. Liubarskaia, V.S. Chekalin, O.L. Kim

Modern energy systems are at the stage of global transformations affecting the functioning of industries and spheres of activity. The changes that are taking place are not always positive. For example, the unreliability of renewable energy in difficult weather conditions has led to problems with energy supply to European consumers in 2020–2021. The article shows the feasibility of using the terminological and mathematical apparatus of economic synergy for the analysis and forecasting of indicators of energy systems. In particular, it is proposed to take into account the partial reversibility of evolutionary processes in the strategic planning of energy development.

Keywords: energy transition, renewable energy sources (RES), energy system, economic synergy.

PRINCIPLES AND CONDITIONS FOR THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE OF A TECHNOLOGY-INNOVATION TYPE
Author(s): M.N. Koniagina

The article contains material on the principles and special conditions for the functioning of special economic zones of technology-innovation type. Since the creation of the first free economic zone (FEZ), there have been many changes. There have been both successful projects and weak experiences that have already been analyzed. Regular revision, generalization, and updating are required for many regulations governing the creation and operation of these territories with special conditions. At the same time, potential SEZ residents – entrepreneurs – need an explanation of the complex language of regulatory acts. This work was based on the generalization of methodological documents and practical experience. It focuses the reader on the principles and conditions that allow nowadays to create promising, successfully developing SEZs. The paper can become the basis for updating regional and local regulatory acts to improve conditions for the advanced development of territories.

Keywords: innovative economy, regional economy, special economic zone, principles, economic growth, benefits.

MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE "SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS" METHOD AND "DESIRE FUNCTIONS" IN CREATING THE PEOPLE'S MARKET ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY
Author(s): A.E. Vikulenko, V.I. Aleksandrov-Sobolev-Kabalevsky, A.M. Kolesnikov

The article reveals possible strategies for innovative and competitive development and the creation of a national-market economic system of the country's economy and its corporate formations on the principles of synergy, in accordance with the requirements of consumers, and proposes a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable strategic activities and innovative development of a corporation in the region, taking into account the effect of synergy, methods "search for solutions" and "desirability functions".

Keywords: strategies for the creation and development of enterprises and organizations (corporations) of the country on the basis of their innovative development and synergy, taking into account the "search for solutions" and "desirability function".

METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS AS A BASIS FOR ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY AND STRATEGIC GROWTH OF SMES IN CRISIS CONDITIONS
Author(s): A.V. Aleksandrov

Despite the fact that not all intangible assets are represented and valued by small and medium-sized enterprises, their connection with economic and financial decisions within the framework of sustainability and strategic growth in crisis conditions is important, since it allows achieving success (profit) now and in the future. The article presents qualitative indicators characterizing a small business unit, the essence and characteristics of intangible assets. The directions of development of the system of intangible assets as the basis for ensuring sustainability and strategic growth, based on the relationship of four components: financial, customer, internal processes, innovation and training, are proposed. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the existence and importance of intangible assets in small business.

Keywords: intellectual capital, small business, crisis, innovation, customers.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER SCHOOL LATERAL CLUSTERS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SAINT-PETERSBURG STATE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY) (SPbGTI(TU))
Author(s): A.E. Vikulenko, V.I. Aleksandrov-Sobolev-Kabalevsky

The article reveals possible strategies for innovative and competitive development of lateral clusters of higher education and the creation of corporate formations on the example of Higher School – SPbGTI(TU) on the principles of synergy, in accordance with the requirements of consumers and the effectiveness of the country's development; a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of sustainable strategic activities and innovative development of the lateral cluster in the region is proposed, taking into account the synergistic effect.

Keywords: strategies for the creation and development of regional organizations of higher education (on the example of the lateral cluster of the Higher School – SPbGTI(TU)), based on their synergy.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERIES
Author(s): K.S. Koroleva, D.V. Khodos

The current stage of reforming and developing market structures in the domestic economy requires a more detailed study of scientific, theoretical and conceptual provisions that would take into account the peculiarities and specifics of individual industries. The unstable position of strategically important industries is mainly due to a number of complex economic and social reasons that require detailed study and the development of effective mechanisms for solving the existing problems. The article discusses the most generalized aspects of the formation of the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable development of fish farms, taking into account the factors of production potential.

Keywords: organizational and economic mechanism, fishing industry, agricultural sector, development factors.

FEATURES OF THE REGIONAL AND ECO-NOMIC POLICY OF RUSSIA
Author(s): A.L. Zelezinskii, O.V. Arhipova, D.V. Hodos, A.V. Fedorova

Regional economic policy as part of the overall socio-economic policy of the country is important for the development not only of the regions, but also for the sustainable and stable development of the country, ensuring a high-quality standard of living of the population. The well-being of the country as a whole and its population in particular depends on the economic development of each district.

Keywords: region, regional and economic policy, socio-economic development, state policy, stand-ard of living, regional programs.

INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE AS A DRIVER OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Author(s): Yu.A. Doroshenko, I.G. Pavlova

The innovative infrastructure of the region symbolizes the totality of the objects of innovation activity and the correlation between them. The creation and development of infrastructure is impossible without taking into account the peculiarities of each of the regions, its specialization, which also affects the innovation and investment potential of the region. As a result, the formation of innovative infrastructure provides a powerful incentive for the development of the regional economy. The purpose of the study is to study the process of creating and developing the innovative infrastructure of the region on the basis of the already existing theoretical and methodological groundwork and practical experience, as well as to determine the "driving" mechanisms of innovative development. The paper considers the main problems of the formation of innovation infrastructure, assesses the current state of innovation infrastructure and formulates the "driving" mechanisms of innovative development. It is proved that the innovative infrastructure is the driver of the innovative development of the region, therefore, the prospects for the development of innovation stimulation and the expansion of network interaction are especially important.

Keywords: innovative infrastructure, region, driver, innovation activity, innovation and investment potential.

THE UPDATED STRUCTURE OF THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF THE REGION
Author(s): Yu.A. Doroshenko, A.A. Inozemtseva

The article analyzes the main problems hindering Russia's transition to an innovative economy. The fundamental indicators of innovative development are highlighted, the main of which is the innovative potential of the region. The analysis of the existing structures of the innovative potential of the region is carried out by considering each structural component identified by various domestic authors over the past twenty years. The need to create an updated structure of the innovative potential of the region is due to the high variability of the theoretical base of the object under study, which has a negative impact on the development of methods for its assessment. Based on current global economic and innovative trends, an updated structure has been finalized, which includes strategically necessary components that fully reflect the versatility and multicomponence of this indicator.

Keywords: innovation, innovation potential of the region, structure of the innovation potential of the region, smart specialization, digital transformation, intellectual capital.

RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF RDF FUEL
Author(s): V.M. Voronin, F.A. Belonogov, I.S. Kudasheva

The issues of sustainable development of waste management systems are actively discussed throughout the world both at the level of government agencies and at the level of the scientific and expert community. One of the ways to improve the existing practice of waste management in Russia is the search for ways to involve them in economic circulation as secondary material and energy resources. The article shows the feasibility of using solid municipal and industrial waste for the production of alternative fuels.

Keywords: industrial waste, municipal waste, RDF fuel, incineration, energy, cement industry.

THE SAIMAA CANAL IN THE INLAND WATER CARGO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Author(s): I.A. Rusinov, M.A. Gogina, N.V. Scherbinin

The article deals with the research of the Saimaa Canal significance in the Finnish transport sphere. The analysis of the canal characteristics and features, which are essential for shipping, as well as the Saimaa Canal traffic volumes, their commodity structure, the Saimaa Canal ship calls and cargo traffic pattern of change are given. The certain prospects for increasing the traffic on the Saimaa Lakes and especially on the canal is considered.

Keywords: Saimaa Canal, inland transport, cargo flow, gateway, hinterland, foreign trade cargo, cabotage.

MODERN METHODS OF EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORGANIZATION
Author(s): A.L. Zelezinskii, O.V. Arhipova, D.V. Hodos P.B. Kazakova

The article is devoted to modern methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the organization. The article considers the evaluation of the effectiveness of the organization, as well as what is necessary to improve the efficiency and rational use of the organization's resources, the criteria and methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of the organization are considered.

Keywords: Evaluation of the effectiveness of the organization; the effectiveness of the organization; criteria and methods to use to assess the effectiveness of the organization.

MARKETING IN A DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Author(s): O.V. Zavyalova

The article analyses the relationship between the concepts of digitalization of the economy and digital transformation of the economy. The relationship and interdependence of these definitions has been investigated. Analysis of the features of the digital transformation of the economy was carried out, its main advantages were highlighted. The place of marketing in the digital transformation of the economy has been investigated. Analysis of the main factors of the marketing environment in the conditions of digital transformation was carried out, factors of formation of fundamentally new environment were highlighted. Changes in the concepts of marketing used in the modern economy have been investigated. New concepts of marketing in conditions of digital transformation of economy are proposed. Engagement marketing, personalized marketing, retrospective marketing. The ratio of new marketing concepts as a reaction to changes in the external environment and the economy as a whole was carried out.

Keywords: digital transformation of the economy, engagement marketing, digital marketing, personalized marketing.

COLD SUPPLY CHAINS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
Author(s): L.K. Gorba

The article examines one of the concepts of cold supply chain in distribution of pharmaceutical products. Approaches some models of building cold chains considering distribution channel, chemical and biological properties of pharmaceutical products. The author describes the levels of logistics management and analyzes the main elements of cold chains. A variant of the configuration matrix for the active and passive profile of supply chains is also proposed, and a vector is highlighted for further research on the problems of the article.

Keywords: cold supply chains, pharmaceuticals, transportation, temperature control, active and passive supply chain profiles.

FEATURES OF TAXATION OF ORGANIZATIONS CARRYING OUT SUBSIDIARY TRANSPORT ACTIVITIES
Author(s): M.V. Botnaryuk, I.I. Protasova

The article analyzes the legal framework for activities and taxation of organizations carrying out supporting transport activities. The main changes in tax legislation in the field of taxation and tax administration are determined.

Keywords: Auxiliary Transportation, Tax, Tax Declaration, Tax Policy, Tax Administration.

CURRENT ISSUES OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY OF SAINT-PETERSBURG STATE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE (TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY) STUDENTS’ INVOLVEMENT IN THE INDEPENDENT ASSESSMENT OF QUALIFICATIONS
Author(s): Yu.S. Sivakova, S.Yu. Pogozheva, Yu.I. Shlyago

Currently, the government pays more attention to the standards and guidelines for all education systems to ensure that vocational and higher education programmes are coordinated with the evolving needs of the labour market. This policy includes development of the National qualifications system and of the independent assessment of qualifications, which could be served for external evaluation of the quality of higher education. The paper represents indicators of SPbGTI(TU) students' involvement in the procedures of independent qualifications assessment, results of students' awareness about the National Qualifications System and about the infrastructure, which carries out this assessment, as well as results of the study of students' motives for voluntary participation in the procedures of the independent qualifications assessment. The paper also offers suggestions about improving students’ involvement in the independent assessment of qualifications.

Keywords: higher education, independent assessment of qualifications, qualifications assessment center, professional standards, involvement, motivation.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF INCREASING THE DEVELOPMENT EFFICIENCY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP FROM THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA
Author(s): V.P. Popkov, A.M. Zargaryan, N.V. Zyabliskay

The article is devoted to the actual issues of entrepreneurship and government interaction efficiency increasing. In case of entrepreneurship sectors from the European North of Russia it is established the lack of institutional infrastructure, the weak entrepreneurship involvement to the public-private partnership. The main plan packages, which could increase the regional entrepreneurship development efficiency, are proposed.

Keywords: small and medium entrepreneurship, public-private partnership, institutional infrastructure, efficiency, interaction.

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS AN INSTRUMENT OF STATE INVESTMENT POLICY: ECONOMIC MODELS AND LEGAL REGULATION
Author(s): V.A. Kulikov

The article presents the organizational and legal characteristics of public-private partnership as one of the effective instruments of state financial policy. The origin of the PPP institute in foreign countries is considered: Great Britain, USA, etc. The branches of law regulating PPP in the Russian Federation are characterized. The advantages of PPP for the state and business are described: reducing the burden on the budget, access to state assets, synergy of the administrative resource of the state and the innovative potential of business, etc. The PPP models are characterized: ВОТ, DBOT, BOOT, etc., as well as organizational and legal forms of PPP implementation: concession, life cycle partnership, etc.

Keywords: public-private partnership, PPP, concession, concession agreement.

ON THE NEED TO IMPLEMENT THE PRINCIPLE OF "FORMATION OF A LABOR INCENTIVE PROGRAM" OF F. TAYLOR'S SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Author(s): A.V.Tebekin, A.P.Taburchak, V.S. Petrov

The article presents the results of a study of the processes of implementing the principle of "formation of a labor incentive program" of the F. Taylor scientific management system, formed to manage enterprises as socio-economic systems of the microeconomic level, in relation to the modern macroeconomic system of socio-economic development at the state (national economy) level. The features of the implementation of the principle of the "labor incentive program" in the implementation of the processes of managing the socio-economic development of Russia both in conditions of nominal economic stability and in objectively crisis conditions of management are demonstrated. The problems of implementation of the principle of "formation of the labor incentive program" in the management of the national socio-economic system in modern conditions are analyzed, and proposals are formulated to ensure its implementation.

Keywords: the principle of "formation of a labor incentive program", F. Taylor's scientific management system, modern conditions, socio-economic development.

A.L. Zelezinskii, O.V. Arhipova, D.V. Hodos, S.K. Zhukov
Author(s): COMPETITION AND METHODS OF COMPETITION IN THE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENT

The article examines the concept of "competition". The actual competitive cases and ways of competition between the largest manufacturers of digital technology are considered. The author examines the competition in the markets of computing processors, smartphones and home entertainment systems. The article presents sales charts of competing companies and comparisons of consumer characteristics of goods that directly affect their competitiveness.

Keywords: competition, way of competition, sales, competitiveness.

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