Архив

Economic vector 2022 3(30)

CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING THE INDICATORS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Author(s): V.A. Chernenko, I.A.Reznik, A.A.Voronov

A correlation and regression analysis of the evaluation of financial intermediaries' performance indicators was carried out. The method of analyzing the capital and assets of commercial banks using correlation coefficients and a linear regression equation is applied. The presented algorithm can be used by financial intermediaries to analyze the interrelated parameters of their activities by determining the correlation coefficient, determination and evaluation of the variation of the studied factors.

Keywords: analysis, banks, correlation, factors, financial intermediaries.

THE CONCEPT OF "LAUNDERING" (LEGALIZATION) OF INCOME: ESSENTIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Author(s): A.V. Kuchumov, E.V.Pecheritsa

The article shows how the concept of "money laundering" has developed and its definition has expanded over time. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of modern scientific literature by Russian and foreign authors, focused on the aspect of money laundering crimes in the international AML regime in accordance with the United Nations conventions (Vienna, Palermo and the Convention on Corruption) and the standards of the Group development of financial measures to combat money laundering.

The purpose of this study is to study the essential and legal aspects of financial monitoring.

22 scientific articles and 6 legal acts in the field of combating money laundering and terrorist financing were analyzed.

The study defines the stages of combating money laundering: placement, layering, integration.

It is concluded that in order to combat money laundering, institutions have to constantly tighten their internal organizational processes, and for this, increasingly effective AML programs should be developed to register and promptly inform about potential risks to their financial systems, while an effective AML program should include the following: procedures customer due diligence; a dedicated AML Compliance Officer must be available; internal operations and current transaction monitoring processes, processing policies; continuous monitoring and verification of customer transactions in order to identify any illegal activities.

Keywords: money laundering, terrorist financing, fraud, money laundering.

TRENDS AND FEATURES OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENT DECISION-MAKING IN HOUSEHOLDS: RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE
Author(s): I.V. Korostelev

With Russia's limited access to the external capital market and sanctions pressure from Western countries, the importance of domestic sources of financing for economic development is growing, one of which may be household savings. The author identifies trends and features of making financial investment decisions in difficult socio-economic and political conditions. Particular attention is paid to the problem of stereotypical thinking and irrationality of household financial investment decisions.

Keywords: household, household income, irrationality, savings, consumer spending, financial assets, financial investment decisions.

THE STATE OF FORMATION OF THE GRAIN MARKET IN THE KRASNOYARSK REGION
Author(s): N.V. Beketova, D.V.Khodos

Agriculture forms the agro-food market, food and economic security of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the labor potential of rural areas. In the formation of the food potential of the region, the receipt and processing of grain is important.In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, there is a decrease in the share of the rural population, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of people employed in agricultural production. Sown area of cereals and leguminous crops from 2016 to 2020 averaged 980.8 thousand hectares, which is 52-53% of the total area under crops. Agricultural organizations are the main producers of grain and leguminous crops, they accounted for 72.0-81.0% of the gross harvest for 2017–2020, peasant (farm) enterprises provided 13.3-18.2% in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.The average per capita grain production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in years with a high gross harvest is at the level of the average for the Russian Federation.In 2016, the average per capita grain production in the region was at the level of 821.03 kg, in 2017-2018 it was slightly higher than the lower limit of 668.35-675.05, in 2020 it was 930.92 kg. Grain import to gross harvest in 2016–2020 varies from 0.54% to 5.21%. The use of grain for processing (processed into flour, cereals, feed and other purposes) is characterized by an increase from 573.7 thousand tons in 2017 to 745.4 thousand tons in 2020, the annual increase over 3 years averaged 57.2 thousand tons. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is necessary to increase the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in order to develop processing and provide the population with grain products of their own production and increase the volume of grain exports.

Keywords: agriculture, regional economy, grain crops, balance of grain resources, food potential, Krasnoyarsk Territory.

PROJECT PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT – AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY
Author(s): E.R. Schislyaeva, E.V.Kozhina, K.I. Sergeeva

The article contains generalized data on the typology, principles, role and advantages of implementing a project portfolio management system in the activities of enterprises in the shipbuilding industry of the Russian Federation. The current state of the production capacities of domestic shipyards, along with modern global trends in innovation and digitalization of the industry, require shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises to simultaneously conduct several diverse projects that improve the distribution of limited resources between competing projects, maximize benefits and ensure that ongoing projects comply with the strategic goals of the company. As an effective approach to improving the quality of planning and investment efficiency of shipbuilding enterprises, the paper considers the introduction of a project portfolio management system. Within the framework of the article, the systematization of the concepts of project management was made, the stages of the process and the mechanism for managing the project portfolio were identified.

Keywords: innovation, innovative approach, project portfolio management, economics of innovation, shipbuilding, investment project, efficiency, renewal of fixed assets, planning.

ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR ITS QUALITATIVE IMPROVEMENT
Author(s): M.S.Starikova, L.V. Usatova, M.V. Vladyka, A.Qasarweh

The article summarizes the results of studies emphasizing the importance of industrial development based on the development of innovations. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that in the context of neo-industrialization, the growth in the contribution of industry to GDP should be accompanied by an increase in the share of innovative products in industrial output. The paper analyzes the innovative performance of the industrial development of the Russian Federation based on a comparison of the share of industry in GDP and the share of innovative products in the output of goods. Correlation and regression analysis showed the presence of a strong negative linear relationship between the contribution of industry to GDP and the share of innovative products in the output of goods, which indicates the need to modernize industrial development. The article summarizes the conditions for a qualitative improvement in the functioning of industry.

Keywords: industrial development, innovative performance, neo-industrialization, economic structure, innovative products.

METHOD OF EVALUATION OF MILITARY AND ECONOMIC EFFECT OF USE OF LEASING AS A TOOL OF ACQUISITION OF ARMS, MILITARY AND SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
Author(s): A.Kh. Kurbanov, S.A.Fomin

The present paper contains a method of evaluation of military and economic effect of use of leasing as a tool of acquisition of arms, military and special equipment. A description of factors that have an impact on the value of military and economic effect of use of leasing is given. It is demonstrated that leasing is not a tool of reduction of cost of acquisition of arms, military and special equipment. Leasing should be used as a tool of management of life cycle of arms, military and special equipment.

Keywords: military equipment, lease, leasing, military and economic effect.

NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA IN 2022
Author(s): A.V.Kuchumov, Ya.S.Testina

The tourism industry is currently facing the most severe challenges that push it to constant reform, the need to react with lightning speed to global economic, political and epidemiological processes.

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has led to a reduction in the inbound and outbound tourist flow. Sanctions restrictions, withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market, restriction of civil aviation flights have aggravated this situation. However, despite the recession, there are positive trends in the development of the tourism industry: the implementation of the National Project «Tourism and the Hospitality Industry», tourist cashback, the activation of the construction of tourist infrastructure, preferential lending and taxation of tourist enterprises. The article discusses the problems faced by the tourism industry in 2022 and the directions of their solutions.

Keywords: tourism, tourism industry, sanctions, Covid-19, payment system.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA: THE MECHANISM OF THE "REGULATORY GUILLOTINE"
Author(s): N.A. Putintseva, V.A. Haustova, V.V. Bulycheva

The article discusses the implementation of the "regulatory guillotine" project as a tool for a large-scale revision and cancellation of regulatory legal acts that negatively affect the overall business climate and the development of the country's regions. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the results of the introduction of the "regulatory guillotine" mechanism in the activities of the regulatory and supervisory authorities of Russia and offer recommendations that can limit the flow of public demands on business and, thus, stimulate regional development. It has been determined that the introduction of the "regulatory guillotine" tool is the main element of reforming the control and supervisory activities, preceding all other elements of the reform. It is concluded that the introduction of the "regulatory guillotine" in the activities of control and supervisory bodies should not be limited to the results achieved, it is necessary to effectively regulate the public duties that are assigned to the entrepreneur, and also hinder regional development.

Keywords: regulatory guillotine, regional development, control, supervision, risk-based approach, mandatory requirement, public duty.

USING MILK QUALITY AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR COMPANIES IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
Author(s): V.M. Malyshkina

The article reviews factors that influence competitiveness of raw milk for use as an ingredient in dairy products. Factors influencing milk quality were analyzed from the perspective of using quality to increase product competitiveness. The consumer’s level of satisfaction is the main criterion for competitiveness. Methods to increase competitiveness of raw milk and more highly-processed goods, as well as the impact of consumer demands are reviewed. Statistics from the Republic of Bashkortostan about the condition of the dairy industry are presented.

Keywords: milk, quality, competitiveness, dairy industry, quality indicators, milk processing.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES AND REGIONS
Author(s): M.A.Liubarskaia, N.A. Putinceva

The article discusses the concept of smart cities, based on which it is supposed to develop large settlements and regions in the era of globalization and digitalization. The authors admit that smart cities offer their residents great opportunities. Criticism of smart cities is associated with the ill-considered use of artificial intelligence technologies and shifting responsibility for decisions made in cities to it, with limited opportunities to take into account the opinions of residents in urban management systems, with threats of losing the confidentiality of personal data of citizens and companies. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the definition of modern problems of "smart cities", previously not covered by the attention of experts. Of practical interest is the formulation of proposals related to the revision of modern educational strategies, taking into account the implementation of the goals of forming in cities a community of residents involved in the process of solving urban problems.

Keywords: Smart City, digitalization, city infrastructure, educational model, management system, artificial intelligence.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY OF RUSSIA
Author(s): E.V.Kozhina

The article assesses the feasibility of using a cluster approach to improve the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of the shipbuilding industry of the Russian Federation. It contains the results of a study of the activities of shipbuilding enterprises that are members of clusters operating in our country in the field of shipbuilding. The paper presents a systematization of the participants and the main characteristics, as well as the expected results of the functioning of these clusters at the planning stage. The existing world and domestic experience in creating such structures has proved their effectiveness in various industries. At the same time, an analysis of the dynamics of performance indicators of participating enterprises over the period of the clusters' existence, conducted on the basis of accounting statements and annual reports, revealed a discrepancy between the expected and real results. The paper identifies the reasons for the absence of the planned effect of the association of domestic shipbuilders within the framework of cluster structures, as well as the conditions for its achievement in the future.

Keywords: cluster, shipbuilding, innovative development, efficiency, industry.

PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF STUDENTS: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF LEVELS AND FACTORS
Author(s): N.A. Bovykina

The relevance of promoting the effectiveness of the professionalization of students is shown. The statistical data of the labor market are presented. It demonstrates an increase in the share of citizens who do not use their professional education in the course of their work. A variant of forming a battery of tests designed to identify the influence of personal characteristics on the levels of professional commitment and self-identification at the adept and adaptant stages is proposed. The choice of test methods combined into two blocks is justified. They are designed to analyze personality traits and to assess the level of professionalization. A table of probable vectors of professional development determined by the ratios of values of commitment and identity of a person in relation to the profession is presented.

Keywords: professional commitment, professional self-identification, adaptation, adept, adaptant.

THE IMPACT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FISCAL POLICY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC)
Author(s): E.I. Alieva

In modern conditions, ensuring regional development is becoming a strategically important task for the state. The regional Government, in turn, develops and implements measures that contribute to socio-economic development. At the same time, currently, under the influence of economic, geopolitical and other factors, unforeseen risks arise that negatively affect the conduct of fiscal policy, which requires adjusting the planned implementation plan and finding new opportunities to increase the collection of tax and non-tax budget revenues. The article uses the example of the Chechen Republic to reveal the impact of the implementation of fiscal policy on the socio-economic development of the region. The analysis of indicators reflecting economic growth, improvement of quality of life and development of infrastructure of the republic is carried out. Measures have been identified to increase the level of collection of tax and non-tax revenues of the consolidated budget of the Chechen Republic. A set of interrelated problems that hinder the development of the region has also been identified and ways to solve them have been identified.

Keywords: regional development, fiscal policy, Chechen Republic, socio-economic development, regional policy.

METHODOLOGY FOR COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF TRANSPORT SERVICES
Author(s): E.O. Soboleva

The article presents a methodology on the basis of which it is proposed to evaluate transport services comprehensively. Its uniqueness is that it includes not only formulas already known to everyone, but also tools that allow you to develop recommendations for improving the quality of the service in accordance with the problems identified during the diagnosis process.

Keywords: quality, transport service, complexity, methodology.

ALGORITHM OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY OF SUPPLY CHAIN IN DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Author(s): A.Kh. Kurbanov, I.A.Shakhian

The present paper contains a description of the stages of implementation of the system of management of sustainability of supply chains in the defense industrial complex. Recommendations for each stage are formulated. It is demonstrated that military administration should create incentives for implementation of the system of management of sustainability of supply chains on all companies of the defense industrial complex that participate in these chains.

Keywords: supply chains, defense industrial complex, sustainability.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE USE OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE
Author(s): A.A. Dorogovtseva, A.V.Gerasimova, D.L. Skopich

The article presents the results of a study of the use of human resources of a manufacturing enterprise. The authors identified the main problems and proposed a set of interrelated measures aimed at improving the use of the personnel potential of a manufacturing enterprise.

Keywords: personnel, human resources, production enterprise.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
Author(s): N.S.Attokurova, A.M. Adylbekova

The world economy of the beginning of the XXI century is undergoing serious shocks. The conditions for the state to perform its traditional functions are becoming more complicated, it is more difficult to find funds to solve social problems. Most developed countries are solving this problem by engaging the capabilities of private business, which has led to the emergence of public-private partnerships (PPPs). Emerging market countries have had less success in this direction. This is largely due to the fact that it took a relatively long time to solve the problems of forming a regulatory framework for PPPs. At the moment, in particular, in the EEU countries have developed the relevant laws, but so far there are no significant PPP projects. Among the reasons for this situation is insufficient theoretical development of the very principles of PPP, while it is precisely the principles of PPP, including the concept of "interest" and "risks", determine the degree of interest of the parties in the interaction. The principle of optimum ratio of parties' interests and the principle of "growing effect", proposed by the authors, are designed to promote the development of theoretical foundations of a new type of partnership, as well as to improve the effectiveness of interaction between the state and private enterprise.

Keywords: state, private enterprise, private business, interests, risks.