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Economic vector 2025 2(41)

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PRICE FORECASTING IN THE RUSSIAN MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Author(s): A.A.Rumiantcev, K.S.Koroleva

The study focuses on forecasting Russia's national defense expenditures based on an analysis of macroeconomic indicators' dynamics. The research examines the share of defense spending in GDP from 1998 to 2022, identifying key stages and trends. A forecasting method is proposed, utilizing cumulative data over five-year periods to reduce the impact of random factors and improve forecast accuracy. The results include the calculation of confidence intervals for defense expenditures up to 2034.

Keywords: forecasting, national defense, GDP, budget expenditures, macroeconomic indicators.

 

MODERN INVESTMENT SOLUTIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF INVESTMENT PLATFORMS
Author(s): K.I. Fedorov, S.V. Fedorova

The article discusses modern financial investment instruments based on the development of digital technologies. The practice of attracting investment resources through investment platforms is analyzed. The trends in the use of modern investment instruments are investigated.

Keywords: investment platform, crowdinvesting, crowdlanding, digital financial assets, commercial bonds.

ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO ASSESSING AND IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES
Author(s): A.A.Rumiantcev, K.S.Koroleva

The article examines theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the organizational and economic efficiency of agribusiness enterprises. Key factors affecting their performance are identified. Based on the analysis, recommendations are provided for selecting optimal methodologies to evaluate and enhance efficiency. The findings can assist managers and economists in making informed decisions to improve agro-industrial enterprise performance.

Keywords: organizational and economic efficiency, agro-industrial complex, methodological approaches, performance evaluation, key efficiency factors.

INNOVATION IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: THAILAND'S DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PATH
Author(s): A.V. Soshnikov, A.V.Kuchumov, A.V. Chaikovskaya, P.Yu.Eremicheva

This paper examines key aspects of the Industry 4.0 concept in the context of Thailand, focusing on the challenges, goals, and priorities of digital transformation. The authors analyze the impact of globalization and digitalization on the country's economy, emphasizing the need to adapt to modern conditions. The main focus is on the adapted Thailand 4.0 model, which aims to transition from traditional forms of economic management to more innovative and technology-oriented sectors. The paper discusses the challenges facing government agencies, such as technology development, increasing labor productivity, and the establishment of special economic zones. The paper not only analyzes the current state of digital transformation in Thailand, but also considers the impact of globalization and digitalization on the country's economic systems. The authors emphasize the importance of adapting to new conditions associated with changes in the business environment and cultural transformation. The article highlights specific challenges faced by both government agencies and private organizations, making the study relevant and practical for understanding the dynamics of change within the framework of the Thailand 4.0 concept. In conclusion, the article highlights the need for a strategic approach to the implementation of innovations and technologies to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve the country's competitiveness in the international arena.

Keywords: industrial revolution, industrialization, digitalization, digital economy, innovation, digital transformation.

INNOVATIVE INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP AS A WAY OF IMPLEMENTING PROJECTS BY LARGE COMPANIES
Author(s): D.M. Kasatkin

Modern competitive struggle makes it impossible to implement projects by even one large company. In the conditions of both domestic and international competition, it is necessary to talk about joint projects, which imply both the attraction of financial investments and organizational and technical contribution in the form of joint innovative developments and common projects. On the one hand, a partnership between two large companies from the same sphere seems unprofitable; however, often a company engaged in third-party activities shows interest and thus does not provide even partial, assistance to a competitor through a partnership.

Keywords: intercompany cooperation, open innovation, innovation partnership, investment partnership, innovation-investment partnership.

BLOCKCHAIN AS THE TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DIGITAL PLATFORMS: PROSPECTS OF USE
Author(s): A.M.Gilmutdinov, V.V. Bakharev, A.S. Turieva

The efficiency of digital platforms largely depends on the technologies they implement. The goal of the present paper is to evaluate the possibility of use of blockchain as a technological basis for a retail digital platform. Based on existing global experience, we have demonstrated that blockchain has a number of advantages that allow it to be effectively used for digital platforms. However, the novelty of this technological solution is a limiting factor that makes it difficult for potential customers to adapt to its use.

Keywords: digital platform, blockchain, distributed ledger, retail chains.

ENERGY TRANSITION: FINANCING AS A KEY SUCCESS FACTOR
Author(s): A.S.Avetisyan

The energy transition in Russia requires an individual approach that takes into account national interests and resources. The analysis focuses on strategies, financing, and integration with economic transformation. The article examines government policy, financial instruments and their effectiveness. Russia is actively shaping its path using the advantages of natural gas and technology, paying attention to socio-economic development and energy security. The approach is pragmatic and focused on national interests, despite the obligations under the Paris Agreement and cross-border emissions regulation. Cooperation between the state and the private sector is developing, based on the experience of the "green economy". Financial flows are aimed at energy independence, technological independence and sustainable growth, reflecting a recalibration of priorities in geopolitical and economic conditions.

Keywords: energy transition, national interests, resources, strategies, energy security.

SERVICES FASHION INDUSTRY AMONG THE EXPERIENCE ECONOMY INDUSTRIES
Author(s): L.V. Khoreva, A.V.Tsygankova

The article characterizes the economy of impressions as a new stage of economic development, within which the fourth economic proposal is being formed – impression. The impression takes on a commodity form and has intangible value. It is shown that the economy, including the economy of impressions, is based on a whole complex of individual industries. Industry is a complex of economic structures aimed at producing certain products or services. The economic basis of the experience economy is the creative industries. The authors show that a distinctive feature of creative industries from creative industries is the focus on the commercialization of a creative product. It is shown that among the creative industries, a special place is given to the fashion industry; The fashion industry is distinguished from other creative industries by the large dependence of the success of the result on the material component of the product. The article lists the trends within which the service sector of the fashion industry is developing today. The main ones are: the formation of the concept of “circular fashion”; increasing the mobility of manufacturers in the fashion industry services; creation of fashion art objects; digitalization of the fashion industry.

Keywords: experience economy, creative industries, fashion, fashion industry, services.

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF DISTANCE TRADING IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Author(s): N.V.Savelyev

Distance trading is currently undergoing active digitalization, which has a decisive impact on the share that falls on this particular format of trade, as well as on the overall development of trade in the world. Before reaching such a promising status and occupying its niche, distance trading has come a long way in its development. It is especially important in the context of the current geopolitical situation in the world to study the development of distance trading in Russia against the background of the same process, but abroad. This article is devoted to the analysis of this process, as well as the systematization of the history of the development of distance trading in Russia.

Keywords: distance trading, catalogue trade, digitalization, online trading, globalization of the economy.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOTEL MARKET IN THE NORTHWESTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Author(s): A.V. Kuchumov, N.V.Belyakova, P.Yu. Eremicheva

The article examines the main trends in the formation of heterogeneity in the development of the hotel market in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District of Russia. The authors analyze specific factors that contribute to the growth of tourist flows and an increase in the number of collective accommodation facilities (CAF). The study includes calculations of indicators of the density of the accommodation of rooms and CAF enterprises, as well as categorization of entities by the degree of development of the hotel market. It is emphasized that the uneven distribution of hotel facilities is associated with differences in the level of recreational development, development of transport infrastructure and seasonality. An increase in investor interest in the hotel market is noted, which is associated with an increase in domestic tourism and government support.

Keywords: hotel business, hotel market, tourism, collective accommodation facilities, regional economy.

THE NATURE OF THE EVENT INDUSTRY, STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
Author(s): D.A. Koroleva

The concept of event activity is considered, its structural elements are established, the interrelation of the event industry with other sectors of the economy is described. The classification of events in the event industry of the R&C Exhibition and Research Center is analyzed, and the author's classification of events in the event industry is proposed. This study examines the main indicators of the development of the event industry in 2019–2023, including data on the number of companies, their financial results, the number of employees, etc.

Keywords: event industry, classification of events, main indicators of the development of the event industry.

PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALIEXPRESS RETAIL MARKET PLACE IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Author(s): T.V. Kirillova, Shen Zijie

The Chinese marketplace AliExpress is one of the international leaders in the field of electronic commerce, but its current position in Russia is relatively weak. The goal of the present paper is to identify the main reasons hindering the development of AliExpress in Russia. It is demonstrated that the key problem is the concerns of the company's management related to the restrictions of the collective West against the Russian Federation. These concerns do not allow AliExpress to expand its presence in Russia. Due to this policy, AliExpress may not be able to catch up with the leading Russian marketplaces after the end of sanctions pressure.

Keywords: market place, electronic commerce, retail, sanctions, Belt and Road Initiative.

THE LATEST TRENDS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SAINT PETERSBURG
Author(s): R.M. Karaeva, A.A. Shelopugina, M.N. Koniagina

Remaining an extremely important part of the St. Petersburg economy, tourism has undergone dramatic and multiple changes from 2020 to the present. The article examines modern trends in the development of the tourism industry of St. Petersburg and provides reasonable forecasts for its further transformation. To do this, the authors assessed the current state of the tourism industry of St. Petersburg, analyzed the main types of tourism developing in the city, and identified promising areas for its development. The article is aimed at both representatives of tourism practices who are ready to use the results of reasonable forecasts, as well as at scientists who carefully study the transformation of tourism and its infrastructure in modern Russia.

Keywords: Saint Petersburg, tourism, domestic tourism, digitalization, gastronomic tourism, event tourism, individual tourism, tourism infrastructure, personalization.

PROBLEMS IN TRAINING INTERNET MARKETING SPECIALISTS: ASSESSING THE ALIGNMENT OF ACQUIRED COMPETENCIES WITH LABOR MARKET REQUIREMENTS
Author(s): O.V. Shalovinskaya, M.S. Shalovinskii

The article examines the specifics of training internet marketing specialists in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. An analysis is conducted on the alignment between the master's and bachelor's degree programs at Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University in the fields of “Internet Marketing” and “Marketing in Commercial Activities” and the labor market requirements, based on data from the RosNavyk platform and hh.ru. The findings highlight the need to strengthen practice-oriented training for specialists.

Keywords: internet marketing, digital economy, professional competencies, labor market, educational programs, practical training.

FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL POTENTIAL OF THE TULA REGION
Author(s): O.V.Osetrova

The article analyzes the sectoral structure and dynamics of industrial development in the region, assesses the innovation and investment components of industrial potential, and examines the personnel and infrastructure support of the industrial complex of the Tula region.

Keywords: industrial complex, industrial potential, innovation development, investment potential, personnel support.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF SYSTEMS CONSTRAINTS
Author(s): M.B.Afaunova

The article deals with the theory of systems limitation, which can help the management of an industrial enterprise to increase the efficiency of the production process practically without additional resources. The theory is based on the assumption that there are always so-called “bottlenecks” that limit the throughput of the system. Algorithms and sequence of applying the theory to identify the main destructive factors in the production system for the priority application of managerial efforts are described. A breakdown of the drum-buffer-rope method of production planning is presented. The necessity of system approach in diagnosing the production process is emphasized. Special attention is paid to the importance of systems thinking when studying and implementing the theory of systems constraints.

Keywords: theory of systems constraints, production process, systematic approach, narrow link, removal constraints.

OPTIMISM BIAS IN PROJECT PLANNING: PLANNING FALLACY AND "HIDING HAND"
Author(s): A.I. Yakovchuk

The article considers the impact of the optimism bias on the project planning process in terms of such concepts as planning fallacy and the principle of "hidden hand". A planning fallacy, resulting from an optimism bias, leads to underestimated project risks and overestimated project results. The principle of the "hidden hand" implies that uncertainty and unforeseen risks stimulate the creative search for the right management decisions at a time when it is too late to abandon the project. In practice, project managers either rely excessively on intuition and their own experience, or strive to avoid risks as much as possible, being subjected to another bias – the pessimism bias. The synthesis of these approaches, combining statistical analysis and empirical rules (heuristics), should be considered the most effective.

Keywords: project management, optimism bias, planning fallacy, project behavior, uncertainty, "hiding hand".

FEATURES OF REORGANIZING BUSINESS PROCESSES AT THE MESO-LEVEL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT
Author(s): V.A. Miroshnichenko, I.G.Mishchenko

Reorganization of business processes is becoming an integral part of the activities of enterprises in the modern economy, providing companies with the opportunity to improve their organizational structure and business processes. Transformations make it possible to solve various problems associated with changing the scale and management system of the company. The reorganization includes a review of pro-duction processes and the introduction of significant changes to the business struc-ture, which helps promote the company in the market.

The article discusses the main features and trends in the reorganization of business processes, the influence of digital technologies on the choice of an organization's management system. The main characteristics of the forms of company reorganization are analyzed. It was revealed that certain problems may arise during the reorganization process, and the reasons for staff opposition to changes were also studied. It has been proven that the reorganization of business processes is necessary for the effective distribution of labor between personnel and the formation of an organizational structure.

Keywords: reorganization, business processes, digital technologies, organizational structure, digital transformation, customer centricity.

 

CHALLENGES OF ESG BRANDING IN THE RUSSIAN FASHION INDUSTRY
Author(s): Yu.K. Gritsay

The article is dedicated to analyzing the challenges of ESG branding in the Russian fashion industry amid declining competition following the exit of Western companies, limited resources of small enterprises, and shifting consumer preferences. It examines factors hindering the adoption of sustainable development practices, such as high costs of ESG management and branding, perceptions of green marketing as outdated, and the negative informational legacy of greenwashing. Attention is also given to the impact of geopolitical and economic turbulence alongside the growing potential of international cooperation within BRICS+.

Keywords: ESG branding, sustainable development, fashion industry, green marketing, greenwashing, conscious consumption, BRICS+, ecodesign, communication strategies.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION BY WATER TRANSPORT IN ST. PETERSBURG
Author(s): M.N. Vlasenko

Transport is a key sector of the Russian national economy. Transport accounts for about 8% of the GDP. Passenger transportation is part of the country's transport system. Despite the specifics of water transport and problems in the industry, passenger traffic will continue to grow by 2030. The development vector is aimed primarily at creating the necessary transport infrastructure, ensuring the safety of passenger transportation, improving excursion and walking routes along the waterways of St. Petersburg, and reviving regular city water routes.

Keywords: water transport, passenger transportation, logistics, quality indicators, development prospects

 

STATE REGULATION OF COMPETITION AMONG MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS
Author(s): A.O.Tsoi

The development of the market of goods and services is impossible without the development of competition. The task of the state is to create conditions for its legitimate functioning, to prevent administratively and criminally punishable forms of business that infringe on the rights of competitors. Despite the current legislation regulating competition, it is not always possible to fully ensure equal rights for businesses in the same field of activity. These factors are particularly acute in life-supporting areas, in particular, in medicine.

The procedures for conducting competitions for the needs of medical institutions require particularly careful quality control of the supplied medicines and equipment and, accordingly, labor-intensive procedures for preparing documents, both on the part of the customer and the supplier.  The current state mechanism for selecting suppliers, which excludes potentially desirable ones from the competitive market, is imperfect and requires evaluation. Identification and elimination of problems in the organization of public procurement is the main factor in the development of competition, including among manufacturers and suppliers of medical products.

Keywords: competition, market, public procurement, medical products, government regulation.

FRANCHISING AS A TOOLKIT FOR PROVIDING THE ENTERPRISES’ CAPITALIZATION AND BUSINESS LEADERSHIP
Author(s): A.D.Zhernova, K.V. Sazonkina, M.N.Koniagina

The difficult period of development of the domestic economy leaves reasons for optimism. Statistics show the growth of business based on the distribution of franchises. Such a business model inspires confidence and is quite convenient for individuals with capital of slightly less than one million rubles. The authors studied the characteristics of the franchising business model, the features of its application in various industries, as well as channels for increasing the capitalization of corporations through franchising. An analysis of the dynamics of franchise development in Russia made it possible to determine the main vectors of development of this business model: digitalization, expansion of franchises and tightening of requirements for franchisees. At the same time, a study of the key risks of such a business confirmed the need for strict monitoring and control of the quality of products and services, reputational threats, the complexity of network management and the importance of protecting intellectual property. The article may be of interest to practicing researchers due to the prospects and growing popularity of franchising among young people, as well as optimistic forecasts based on primary and relevant secondary information.

Keywords: franchising, commercial concession, scaling, capitalization, franchisor, franchisee.

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