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Economic vector 2025 4(43)

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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMES IN THE FIELD OF TRADE: A STUDY OF THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT, INCLUDING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
Author(s): A.M. Kolesnikov, R.A.Mamedov

The article analyzes external and internal factors that affect the competitiveness of SMEs in the trade sector. Changing economic and market conditions, sanctions pressure, the consequences of Covid-19 and the Second World War, technological isolation of Russia, personnel shortages and unfavorable loan rates and other factors and their impact on the development of small and medium-sized businesses.

Keywords: competitiveness, small and medium business, trade, SME, factors of influence.

THE RUSSIAN FINANCIAL MARKET: POINT OF GROWTH
Author(s): V.A. Chernenko, A.A. Voronov, S.K. Venediktova

The article examines the problems of formation and development of the Russian financial market in the post-Soviet period. The conditions for the formation of the financial market in the context of the development of the national economy are highlighted. The influence of international financial institutions on the development of the domestic market is substantiated. The relationship between the national financial market and the international capital market is shown. The issues of monetary regulation by the Bank of Russia in the context of EU and US sanctions are considered. Proposals are made on monetary regulation in the paradigm of national sovereignty.

Keywords: financial market, international capital market, financial system, demand, monetary regulation, sanctions, and economic development.

GOLD AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES AND THE DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE: A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP
Author(s): M.A. Barinov, O.S. Vakulenko

The paper examines the significance of national gold and foreign currency reserves and draws conclusions about the reorientation of the Russian economy towards a sovereign course aimed at strengthening financial independence. The accumulation of gold and foreign currency reserves is considered as one of the factors contributing to the country's economic stability in the face of geopolitical instability and sanctions pressure. The paper also explores the relationship between the volume of gold and foreign currency reserves and the exchange rate of the US dollar for the period from 2000 to 2025 using linear correlation analysis based on monthly data. This analysis allows the authors to formulate and validate conclusions about the process of creating Russia's strategic buffer.

Keywords: gold and foreign exchange reserves, dollar exchange rate, economic security, financial markets.

THE CURRENT STATE AND POTENTIAL OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIA
Author(s): M.Yu.Tarasenko

The increase in the rate of system-wide impact of the negative consequences of the sanctions policy of Western countries and the deterioration of the global environmental situation oblige researchers and industrialists to consider the Northern Sea Route as the most important transport corridor in the Arctic zone of Russia, the issues of its effective use and environmental sustainability are becoming especially relevant these days, which requires the systematic development of industry to meet the needs of the state.

Keywords: Northern Sea Route, efficiency improvement, Arctic zone, ecosystem, innovation policy, public investment.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF URBANIZED AREAS
Author(s): A.M. Polikarpov, V.S. Merkusheva

Modern urbanized areas, recognized in the Russian state cadaster as lands of populated areas, have a specific legal status. However, unlike lands of other categories, environmental issues in populated areas are often overlooked, as land monitoring is carried out by city committees rather than by specialized government agencies. In recent years, significant changes have been observed in the monitoring of urban lands, including the use of modern cadastral capabilities. The scientific novelty of the results obtained in this article lies in their systematization of the possibilities for monitoring and addressing environmental issues in urbanized areas using the modern resources of the state real estate cadaster.

Keywords: state cadastral registration, urbanized territories, cadastral activities, unified state register of real estate, monitoring of lands of populated areas.

DIAGNOSTICS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY EFFECTIVENESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A REGION
Author(s): M.A. Tkachenko

The effectiveness of innovation implementation was assessed based on the analysis of official statistical data from the Belgorod Region. The trend reversal was characterized by a change in the dynamics of the share of innovative products in the total volume of shipped products, from a downward trend in 2022 to an upward trend, accompanied by a slowdown in its growth rate. The region plays a significant role in promoting innovation in the Central Federal District and the country as a whole. Current trends have been identified that reflect positive dynamics and an outpacing increase in the effectiveness of innovation activities in the region compared to the national level and average indicators in the Central Federal District.

Keywords: effectiveness of innovative activity, degree of novelty of products, region.

CONTRIBUTION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES TO INNOVATIVE-ORIENTED GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Author(s): P.А.Tililikin

This study focuses on the results of an analysis of the current state of small and medium-sized businesses and their increasing role in the development of an innovative national economy. It identifies current trends in the dynamics of key indicators of their development. The study reveals a steady trend of increasing total revenues of small and medium-sized businesses, gross value added, share in gross domestic product, and amount of taxes and insurance contributions paid. Among the growth factors, an important role is played by the expansion of government support measures and financial instruments as part of the implementation of the relevant national project in the period 2019–2024.

Keywords: small and medium-sized businesses, development indicators, gross value added.

ANALYSIS OF INVESTMENT DYNAMICS IN INDUSTRIAL INNOVATION
Author(s): D.А Bozhko

This study focuses on analyzing the dynamics of investments aimed at innovative activities in the Russian industry, based on official statistical data. It identifies current trends in the dynamics of innovation costs in industrial organizations and their structure by type of innovation and source of financing over the past five years. The structure of innovation costs is dominated by product innovations related to the introduction of new or significantly improved products. The primary source of financing for innovation in industrial organizations is their own funds. Along with a steady increase in total innovation spending and self-financing, there has been a decrease in foreign investment due to economic sanctions imposed on the Russian economy.

Keywords: costs of innovation, industrial production organizations.

THE IMPACT OF TOURIST TAX ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDUSTRY AND ITS PROSPECTS
Author(s): V.A. Chernenko, S.K. Venediktova, S.E. Kataev

The article examines tourist tax as a tool for regulating tourism activities and a source of additional income for local budgets. The paper analyses existing approaches to collecting tourist tax. Special attention is paid to studying its impact on the development of tourism infrastructure and improving the quality of service for tourists. The content of the article also covers the prospects for the development of tourist tax in the context of current trends in the tourism industry and the needs of the local population.

Keywords: tourist tax, economic growth, tourism industry, infrastructure development, domestic tourism, tax policy.

ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION AS A PATH TO CIVILIZATIONAL APPROACHMENT
Author(s): G.V. Alekseev, A.S.Garnitskaya, Z.V.Popov

This article attempts to analyze the course of Russia's current development and its connection to the fundamental regulations governing the transformation of a number of priority sectors of material production and social life in other countries of the former Russian-speaking Union, particularly Tajikistan. The country's achievement of the goals stated in its National Strategy over the past five years demonstrates the similarity of its approaches to improving the production and entrepreneurial activities of economic entities in the context of digitalization.

Keywords: economy, transformation, digitalization, Russia, Tajikistan.

MARKETPLACES AS A TOOL FOR DIVERSIFYING REVENUE IN THE RESTAURANT BUSINESS
Author(s): S.A.Stepanova, A.R.Mussayeva

The article discusses the potential of marketplaces as a new sales channel for catering enterprises. The possibilities of integration with digital platforms are analyzed to reduce the seasonality of demand, optimize inventory balances and increase revenue. Analytics on the Russian online food delivery market are presented, a comparative analysis of leading marketplaces is carried out and practical recommendations for entering digital platforms are presented.

Keywords: marketplaces, food delivery, restaurant business, digital transformation, online sales communication.

FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF A SCHEME FOR REGULATING THE SALE OF ALCOHOL PRODUCTS BY REMOTE METHOD IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Author(s): N.V.Savelyev

The issue of legalizing online trade of alcoholic beverages in the Russian Federation has been a constant subject of discussion for many years. Such initiatives stop either at the stage of theoretical discussions or at the stage of preparation for testing online trade of alcohol. At the same time, all market participants, that is both businesses and buyers, are not only technologically ready to work in this format, but are already actively using it, but bypassing legislative norms. In this regard, the government ceases to be an effective regulator of the market, along with this losing tax revenues from sales that go through an illegal online channel. Thus, this article provides an example of a scheme for regulating the sale of alcoholic beverages in the Russian Federation remotely, describing individual features of its formation, as well as assessing the potential impact on the market volume.

Keywords: distance trading, alcoholic beverages, digitalization, online trading, illegal sales, sales regulation.

TOOLS FOR FORMING AN ATTRACTIVE TOURIST IMAGE OF THE REGION: FOCUS ON GASTRONOMIC TOURISM
Author(s): A.L. Zelezinskii, O.V. Arhipova, V.V. Shabalin

The development and promotion of tourist destinations can be based on strategic approaches to developing programs and projects for niche tourism, particularly gastronomic tourism. Regional gastronomic traditions are a significant tool for fostering a favorable image and increasing the competitiveness of a region. This article examines some tools for creating an attractive tourist image for a region, using St. Petersburg as an example. The relevance of this study stems from the need to identify approaches to promoting regions and identify tools for enhancing the attractiveness of tourist destinations through the development of niche tourism.

Keywords: gastronomic tourism, food culture, local cuisine, regional gastronomy, attractiveness.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ENTERPRISE AND ITS QUEST FOR DOMINANCE IN THE QUANTUM ERA
Author(s): E.N.Sokolova, I.L.Yakushev

The electrotechnical enterprise, which has survived decades of evolution, today stands on the threshold of the quantum era. His journey from manufacturing simple devices to complex energy systems has been marked by constant innovation and adaptation to changing technological landscapes. The new era, characterized by quantum computing, sensors, and materials, requires a rethink of development strategy. The company strives to take a leading position in this new paradigm by investing in research, development and training of personnel in the field of quantum technologies. Dominating the quantum era involves not only the creation of advanced products, but also the formation of new markets and standards. The company sees its role as a catalyst for the quantum revolution, contributing to the development of the quantum ecosystem and collaborating with scientific institutes and other companies.

Keywords: electrotechnical enterprise, quantum computing, quantum communication, development of artificial intelligence, quantum technologies, artificial intelligence, quantum race, threat to national security, superconducting qubits, subnanosized objects.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGING INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE REGION
Author(s): A.A. Skibin

The article analyzes the theoretical framework of the concepts: innovation, investment and innovation and investment activity, based on various approaches to determining their essence. The interrelation of innovation and investment in the socio-economic development of the regions is established. Creating and maintaining a favorable environment for innovation and investment is strategically important for sustainable long-term development at both the macro and meso levels. Because they have activating and strengthening functions aimed at reorienting existing outdated paradigms in various spheres of society and production, as well as the material and technical base required for this, which leads, as a result, to an increase in the country's competitiveness and its position in the global economy. Based on this, public authorities should be as competent and timely as possible in developing and subsequently implementing an innovation and investment policy, which is one of the main components of the country's state development programs.

Keywords: innovation, investment, innovation and investment activities.

EVOLUTION OF VIEWS ON INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF LABOR RESOURCES
Author(s): M.A. Liubarskaia, O.V. Kozlovskaia

This article examines various theories of industrial development, comparing their key tenets, including attitudes toward labor and human resources. The scientific novelty lies in conducting a comparative analysis of the evolution of views on labor in the context of industrial development, which reflects the transition from a quantitative factor of production in the works of the classical school to a strategic resource in modern concepts of the digital economy and sustainable development.

Keywords: industrial development, labor force, competitiveness, digitalization.

THE IMPACT OF INCOME ASYMMETRY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC GROWTH: REGIONAL ASPECT
Author(s): M.L.Bykova

This article focuses on a comprehensive study of the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in Russian regions. The study employs econometric analysis to assess the impact of the Gini index, a key measure of inequality, on gross regional product. The analysis covers the regions of the Central Federal District, revealing a consistent and statistically significant inverse relationship. The results demonstrate that increased income inequality is systematically associated with a decline in economic activity. This effect is explained by a combination of factors: high inequality reduces aggregate consumer demand, as resources are concentrated among groups with lower consumption propensities; it undermines incentives for investment in human capital among the general population and contributes to increased social tensions, worsening the investment climate. Reducing income disparities is a key factor in sustainable development, creating favorable conditions for expanding domestic demand, improving the quality of human capital, and strengthening social stability, which collectively stimulates long-term economic growth.

Keywords: economic inequality, quality of economic growth, Gini index, gross regional product, regional development, income inequality, socioeconomic development, econometric modeling.

ALGORITHMIC MANAGEMENT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: RETHINKING VALUE CHAINS IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF SERVICES
Author(s): A.V.Kuchumov, A.A. Kislitsina, P.Yu. Eremicheva

This article conceptualizes artificial intelligence in the context of its functional role in maximizing service value. The research's novelty lies in transcending the narrow confines of the tripartite value creation model and developing an expanded conceptual framework that reflects the properties of AI and their relationship with elements of the service enterprise business system. Using an ontological analysis, the properties of AI as a tool are systematized, and within the context of an entrepreneurial opportunity approach, key parameters for assessing its effectiveness are identified. The practical significance of this work lies in providing service enterprise management with a structured toolkit for formulating an AI implementation strategy aimed not only at operational efficiency but also at qualitatively transforming the value creation process for all stakeholder groups.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, service sector, value creation, value maximization, algorithmic management, entrepreneurial opportunities, ontological analysis, digitalization.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT LOGISTICS AMID REACHING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Author(s): O.N. Kareva

Nowadays sustainable development that does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs is a priority goal for humanity. Key action directions to achieve sustainable development are outlined in UN Sustainable development goals (SDGs) and relevant objectives till 2030. This article outlines the links between UN Sustainable development goals and transport logistics and provides relevant data analysis, the connection between different means of transport and sustainable development goals. The paper analyses documents on environmental aspects of transport, emissions reduction potential in transport, deals with environmental aspects of this part of logistics, provides indices for transport logistics companies.

Keywords: UN sustainable development goals (SDGs), logistics, transport, environmental protection, measures to achieve sustainable development.

 

ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF PRODUCT PLACEMENT IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY
Author(s): D.F.Zakirova

In the modern world, the banking industry, on the one hand, is one of the key sectors of the economy offering a wide range of financial products and services, on the other hand, it is characterized by a high level of competition for consumers, which stimulates the banking sector to constantly develop tools for promoting banking products and services. In light of this situation, it is interesting to conduct a study to assess consumers' perception of product placement in the banking industry, which will evaluate the results of the bank's marketing efforts and optimize its sales strategy. The article describes in detail the procedure for conducting a study that allows for an analysis of consumer perceptions of this type of banking advertising.

 

Keywords: product placement, advertising, bank, respondents, analysis.

OPTIMIZATION OF HOTEL NETWORK PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
Author(s): O.V.Arhipova, A.V.Nikolaev, L.V. Bоldyreva

The article examines methodological approaches to the study and development of structures used to optimize personnel management in hotel chains. The authors propose to expand the consideration of the subject of the study taking into account the paradigm of the systems approach, applying elements of bi-analysis and project management.

Keywords: optimization, personnel management, hotel chain, project, cross-functional team.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT DIGITALIZATION PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
Author(s): G.V. Alekseev, A.S. Gonashvili, A.S. Garnitskaya

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of social processes on the development of the transport sector in modern Russia. The general and private social processes influencing the formation of the transport market are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems of digital transformation of the transport industry, such as the low integration of digital services and the complexity of monitoring the state of the transport infrastructure. The authors analyze the current situation of the transport industry and identify the main challenges facing it, including high accident rates and insufficient coordination between different levels of government.

Based on the analysis, it is proposed to introduce digital solutions to optimize transport processes, increase the efficiency of transport management and improve the quality of services provided. A program developed by the authors for choosing the optimal transport route is presented, using the hierarchy comparison method and the theory of fuzzy logic. An example of the algorithm implementation demonstrates the advantages of the proposed approach, allowing you to choose the optimal mode of transport based on the criteria of cost, volume of services and risk.

The results show that the use of digital technologies contributes to the improvement of the transport industry, increases the safety and reliability of transportation, and also stimulates the development of domestic production of equipment and software. The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing further recommendations for improving the Russian transport system.

Keywords: social aspects, economic transformation, governance, digitalization, transportation.

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IN NUMERICAL MODELING OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Author(s): V.E. Puchkova, V.A.Drabenko, D.V.Drabenko

The article discusses the current issue of import substitution of software for numerical modeling of physical processes in the context of modern economic conditions. Special attention is paid to analyzing the current state of the domestic software market and its development prospects.

Keywords: import substitution, critical infrastructure, digital technologies, IT solutions, modeling, software, design.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Author(s): A.A.Kislitsina, P.Yu. Eremicheva

This article describes the key trends in the development of digital economies in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Integration, and presents the main challenges that may eventually become threatening factors for the integrity of the commonwealth in the context of the formation of a common innovation ecosystem. The research reflects the results of systematic, statistical, and ontological analyses of the member states of the economic commonwealth. Authors propose key reference points for identifying the key trends in the digital development of both individual economies and the EAEU as a whole. As a result of the research, it was possible to create a simplified model for the formation of initiatives at the actual level of digitalization of the economies of the EAEU member countries, and to identify a number of similar progressive features and negative factors of influence in the context of digital transformation.

Keywords: economic integration, regional economy, EAEU, digital transformation, economic innovation, services, trade, digitalization.

MOTIVATION OF CROWDSOURCING PARTICIPANTS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORK RESULTS
Author(s): S.S. Budiakovskii

This article studies the motivations of crowdsourcing participants and their influence on the quality of work produced. The study aims to identify the motivations that encourage users to participate in crowdsourcing projects, with the goal of attracting more participants and improving the quality of proposed solutions.

The author summarizes interviews and surveys conducted with crowdsourcing and volunteer movement participants from 2008 to 2021. The article emphasizes the importance of intrinsic motivation, which often proves to be more significant to participants than extrinsic motivation. With this in mind, organizers of crowdsourcing projects can effectively combine tangible and intangible incentives to attract and retain participants.

The study concludes that understanding different types of motivation is important to increasing the effectiveness of crowdsourcing initiatives, and it offers recommendations on using different incentives to improve solution quality.

Keywords: crowdsourcing, motivation, decision quality, non-material incentives, crowdsourcing platforms.

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